Which statement correctly pairs hydroplaning types with their causes?

Which statement correctly pairs hydroplaning types with their causes?

• A. Dynamic hydroplaning is caused by a film of oil, dirt, or rubber; Viscous hydroplaning is caused by a cushion of water
• B. Dynamic hydroplaning is caused by a cushion of water; Viscous hydroplaning is caused by a film of oil, dirt, or rubber
• C. Both hydroplaning types are caused by a cushion of water
• D. Dynamic hydroplaning is caused by ice; Viscous hydroplaning is caused by water

Answer: (B)

Dynamic hydroplaning happens when water depth combined with tire speed creates pressure under the tire, forming a water cushion that lifts the tire off the pavement and drastically reduces contact with the surface. That loss of contact leads to a sudden drop in braking and steering capability. Viscous hydroplaning, in contrast, occurs when a film of viscous contaminants—such as oil, dirt, or rubber fragments—sits between the tire and the road, lowering friction and allowing the tire to slide even if some surface contact remains. The statement is the best match because it correctly assigns dynamic hydroplaning to a water cushion and viscous hydroplaning to a film of oil, dirt, or rubber. The other options mix up the mechanisms (for example, attributing dynamic hydroplaning to an oil film or ice, or claiming both types arise from a water cushion), which do not reflect how these two forms of hydroplaning actually occur.

Dynamic hydroplaning happens when water depth combined with tire speed creates pressure under the tire, forming a water cushion that lifts the tire off the pavement and drastically reduces contact with the surface. That loss of contact leads to a sudden drop in braking and steering capability. Viscous hydroplaning, in contrast, occurs when a film of viscous contaminants—such as oil, dirt, or rubber fragments—sits between the tire and the road, lowering friction and allowing the tire to slide even if some surface contact remains. The statement is the best match because it correctly assigns dynamic hydroplaning to a water cushion and viscous hydroplaning to a film of oil, dirt, or rubber. The other options mix up the mechanisms (for example, attributing dynamic hydroplaning to an oil film or ice, or claiming both types arise from a water cushion), which do not reflect how these two forms of hydroplaning actually occur.